volga river history

Apart from that, whoever held both sides of the river could move forces across the river, to defeat the enemy's fortifications beyond the river. The Turkic names go back to the ancient Turkic form “Etil/ Ertil”, the origin and meaning of which are not clear. The Russian hydronym Volga (Волга) derives from Proto-Slavic *vòlga "wetness, moisture", which is preserved in many Slavic languages, including Ukrainian volóha (воло́га) "moisture", Russian vlaga (влага) "moisture", Bulgarian vlaga (влага) "moisture", Czech vláha "dampness", Serbian vlaga (влага) "moisture", Croatian vlaga "moisture", Slovene vlaga "moisture", and Macedonian vlaga "moisture", among others. Construction of Soviet Union-era dams often involved enforced resettlement of huge numbers of people, as well as destruction of their historical heritage. Its basin, sprawling across about two-fifths of the European part of Russia, contains almost half of the entire population of the Russian Republic. Updates? 35-54. [8], The Scythian name for the Volga was Rā (Ῥᾶ), literally "wetness". [12] The Scythian name survives in modern Mordvin Rav (Рав) "Volga". In late 8th century the Russian state Russkiy Kaganate is recorded in different Northern and Oriental sources. (Within this stretch the Kostroma, Unzha, and Oka rivers enter the Volga.) (Between the Samara Bend and Volgograd it receives only the relatively small left-bank tributaries of the Samara, Bolshoy Irgiz, and Yeruslan.) "In all, Soviet dams flooded 2,600 villages and 165 cities, almost 78,000 sq. [14], The area around the Volga was inhabited by the Slavic tribes of Vyatichs and Buzhans, by Finno-Ugrics, Scandinavians and Balts, by Huns and Turkic peoples (Tatars, Kipchaks) in the first millennium AD, replacing the Scythians. Such Volga cities as Atil, Saqsin, or Sarai were among the largest in the medieval world. Another Turkic group, the Nogais, formerly inhabited the lower Volga steppes. Other resources include natural gas, salt, and potash. Connections with the river Don and the Black Sea are possible through the Volga–Don Canal. In Asia the river was known by its other Turkic name Sarı-su "yellow water", but the Oirats also used their own name, Ijil mörön or "adaptation river". Above Astrakhan a second distributary, the Buzan, marks the beginning of the Volga delta, which, with an area of more than 7,330 square miles, is the largest in Russia. Index of Words in Different Languages Vol. of agricultural land and 31,000 sq. Quoted from: Paul R. Josephson. The Volga is the longest river in Europe, and its catchment area is almost entirely inside Russia, though the longest river in Russia is the Ob–Irtysh river system. Early Mesolithic bone arrowheads from the Volga-Oka interfluve, central Russia. Where the Volga flows through the steppes the area was also inhabited by the Iranian people of the Sarmatians from 200 BC. of forestland". Volgograd, formerly (until 1925) Tsaritsyn and (1925–61) Stalingrad, city and administrative centre of Volgogradoblast (region), southwestern Russia, on the Volga River.It was founded as the fortress of Tsaritsyn in 1589 to protect newly acquired Russian territory along the Volga. The Volga’s immense economic, cultural, and historic importance—along with the sheer size of the river and its basin—ranks it among the world’s great rivers. [17] Furthermore, several localities in Russia are connected to the Slavic Buzhan tribe, like for example Sredniy Buzhan in [1] the Orenburg Oblast, Buzan and the Buzan river in the Astrakhan Oblast. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The river has a symbolic meaning in Russian culture and is often referred to as Волга-матушка Volga-Matushka (Mother Volga) in Russian literature and folklore. The course of the Volga is divided into three parts: the upper Volga (from its source to the confluence of the Oka), the middle Volga (from the confluence of the Oka to that of the Kama), and the lower Volga (from the confluence of the Kama to the mouth of the Volga itself). It belongs to the closed basin of the Caspian Sea, being the longest river to flow into a closed basin. Nourai, Ali. 1 Vol. Image credit: Tramp57/Shutterstock. He calls it the Rha, which was the Scythian name for the river. Connections with the lakes of the North (Lake Ladoga, Lake Onega), Saint Petersburg and the Baltic Sea are possible through the Volga–Baltic Waterway; and commerce with Moscow has been realised by the Moscow Canal connecting the Volga and the Moskva River. Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, "Co-operation between the Viking Rus' and the Turkic nomads of steppe in the ninth-eleventh century", "Marija Gimbutas. River in Russia; the longest river in Europe, Biggest cities on the shores of the Volga. into three sections: . History Origin. Four of the ten largest cities of Russia, including the nation's capital, Moscow, are located in the Volga's drainage basin. At the same time, Germany could permanently deny this transport route by the Soviet Union, hampering its access to oil and to supplies via the Persian Corridor. Past the town of Rzhev, the Volga turns northeastward, is swelled by the inflow of the Vazuza and Tvertsa rivers at Tver (formerly Kalinin), and then continues to flow northeastward through the Rybinsk Reservoir, into which other rivers, such as the Mologa and the Sheksna, flow. Rising in the Valdai Hills northwest of Moscow, the Volga discharges into the Caspian Sea, some 2,193 miles (3,530 kilometres) to the south. Astrakhan, at the delta, is the center of the caviar industry. "A Survey Study of the Ancient Balts - Reviewed by Jonas Puzinas", "Weather Sredniy Buzhan | Forecast, Radar, Lightning & Satellite", "VORGESCHICHE DER URALISCHEN SPRACHFAMILIE, GESCHICHTE DER KLEINEREN URALISCHEN SPRACHEN: CHRONOLOGIE", "Early East Slavic Tribes in Russia | Study.com", "Noble Sarmatian Grave Discovered In Russia", "When the Arabs met the Vikings: New discovery suggests ancient links", "Unique History of Volga River That You Need to Know - Learn Russian Language", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volga&oldid=1012853242, Articles containing Russian-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing undetermined-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "The Bridge Is Built" (1965) — a Soviet film about the construction of a road bridge across the Volga in, "Volga" (2016) — documentary directed by Andrey Aleshin, This page was last edited on 18 March 2021, at 17:54. At Tver the average annual rate of river flow is about 6,400 cubic feet (180 cubic metres) per second, at Yaroslavl 39,000 cubic feet per second, at Samara 272,500 cubic feet per second, and at the river’s mouth 284,500 cubic feet per second. The Zhigulevskaya Hydroelectric cam on the Volga River, Russia. The Volga drains most of Western Russia. Perhaps this form has a connection with the hydronym Irtesh.[13]. Formerly, they called the river Volgydo, a borrowing from Old East Slavic. It then passes through a chain of small lakes, receives the waters of the Selizharovka River, and then flows southeast through a terraced trench. From Kamyshin the river flows to its mouth uninterrupted by tributaries for some 400 miles. The Volga and its tributaries form the Volga river system, which flows through an area of about 1,350,000 square kilometres (521,238 square miles) in the most heavily populated part of Russia. [33] This was partly to develop the region but also to provide a buffer zone between the Russians and the Mongols to the East. The increasing contacts between the European Union and Russia have led to new policies with regard to the access to the Russian inland waterways. High levels of chemical pollution have adversely affected the river and its habitats. Due to the classification of Hungarian as an Ugric language, they are commonly considered an Ugric people that originated from the Ural Mountains, Western Siberia or the Middle Volga region. The Moscow Canal, the Volga–Don Canal, and the Volga–Baltic Waterway form navigable waterways connecting Moscow to the White Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. A powerful polity of Volga Bulgaria once flourished where the Kama joins the Volga, while Khazaria controlled the lower stretches of the river. Ptolemy believed the Don and the Volga shared the same upper branch, which flowed from the Hyperborean Mountains. Neillsville: Hwy.95 / Lake Arbutus: East Fork / Lake Arbutus: Hatfield: Black River Falls: Galesville: Arcadia: Dodge The Volga (/ˈvɒlɡə, ˈvoʊlɡə/; Russian: Во́лга, IPA: [ˈvoɫɡə] (listen)) is the longest river in Europe. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The river basin drains some 533,000 square miles (1,380,000 square kilometres), stretching from the Valdai Hills and Central Russian Upland in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east and narrowing sharply at Saratov in the south. The Volga is the longest river in Europe, and its catchment area is almost entirely inside Russia, though the longest river in Russia is the Ob–Irtysh river system. ... See all of our LDS Church History Tours More Information. km. Under the Soviet Union a slice of the region was turned into the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Zhilin, M.. (2015). Tbilisi at Sunset, Georgia Volga River cruise/tour. The Turkic peoples associated the Itil's origin with the Kama. Ananuri Fortress in Georgia Volga River cruise/tour. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [citation needed] Because of conditions in German territories, Germans responded in the largest numbers. [25] By taking the river, Hitler's Germany would have been able to move supplies, guns, and men into the northern part of Russia. E ndearingly referred to as “Mother Volga” in Russian, it is the longest river in Europe, flowing from forests to the steppes and marshlands of the Caspian Sea. A number of formerly state-run, now mostly privatized, companies operate passenger and cargo vessels on the river; Volgotanker, with over 200 petroleum tankers, is one of them. During World War II, the city on the big bend of the Volga, currently known as Volgograd, witnessed the Battle of Stalingrad, possibly the bloodiest battle in human history, in which the Soviet Union and the German forces were deadlocked in a stalemate battle for access to the river. On its east-southeastward course from the confluence of the Oka to Kazan, the Volga doubles in size, receiving waters from the Sura and Sviyaga on its right bank and the Kerzhenets and Vetluga on its left. Rising in the Valdai Hills 225 meters (738 ft) above sea level northwest of Moscow and about 320 kilometers (200 mi) southeast of Saint Petersburg, the Volga heads east past Lake Sterzh, Tver, Dubna, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kazan. The river served as an important trade route connecting Scandinavia, Finno-Ugric areas with the various Slavic tribes and Turkic, Germanic, Finnic and other people in Old Rus', and Volga Bulgaria with Khazaria, Persia and the Arab world. Catherine the Great had issued a Manifesto in 1763 inviting all foreigners to come and populate the region, offering them numerous incentives to do so. View of the river and Volgograd from space. The Volga is a small stream in its upper course through the Valdai Hills, becoming a true river only after the entrance of several of its tributaries. From there it turns south, flows past Ulyanovsk, Tolyatti, Samara, Saratov and Volgograd, and discharges into the Caspian Sea below Astrakhan at 28 meters (92 ft) below sea level. New Branson Christmas. Flowing through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea, it has a length of 3,531 km (2,194 mi) and a catchment area of 1,360,000 km2 (530,000 sq mi). 2013. Omissions? From 6th till 8th century the Alans settled in the Middle Volga region and in the steppes of Russia's southern region in the Pontic–Caspian steppe.[21]. The Volga Region is culturally separated [by whom?] km. Khazars were replaced by Kipchaks, Kimeks and Mongols, who founded the Golden Horde in the lower reaches of the Volga. Presently the Mari, another Uralic group, call the river Jul (Юл), meaning "way" in Tatar. Cathedral of the Resurrection in Rostov Kremlin Volga River cruise/tour. For instance, the town of Mologa was flooded for the purpose of constructing the Rybinsk Reservoir (then the largest artificial lake in the world). We've built a reputation for discounts, service and professionalism that is second to none. They are: The Volga-Oka region has been occupied for at least 9,000 years, and supported a bone and antler industry for producing bone arrowheads, spearheads, lanceheads, daggers, hunters knives, and awls. The Volga has many tributaries, most importantly the rivers Kama, the Oka, the Vetluga, and the Sura. Later their empire divided into the Khanate of Kazan and Khanate of Astrakhan, both of which were conquered by the Russians in the course of the 16th century Russo-Kazan Wars. 32. Corrections? Subsequently, the river basin played an important role in the movements of peoples from Asia to Europe. Volga River, near Mariinsky Posad, Chuvashiya republic, Russia. The Volga Delta and the Caspian Sea are fishing grounds. Between 2nd and 5th centuries Baltic people were very widespread in today's European Russia. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [4] Historically, it was an important meeting place of Eurasian civilizations.[5][6][7]. The Volga was one of the main rivers of the Rus' Khaganates culture.[20]. In such cases the ecological and cultural damage often outbalanced any economic advantage. An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and Other Indo-European Languages. Volgograd, formerly Stalingrad, is located there. Below Volgograd the river loses about 2 percent of its waters in evaporation. Slavs from Kievan Rus' brought Christianity to the upper Volga, and a portion of non-Slavic local people adopted Christianity and gradually became East Slavs. Its many large reservoirs provide irrigation and hydroelectric power. [22] The Volga Boatman's Song is one of many songs devoted to the national river of Russia. [34] Until recently access to the Russian waterways was granted to foreign vessels on a very limited scale. It is expected that vessels of other nations will be allowed on Russian rivers soon.[35]. The Volga was (and still is) a vital transport route between central Russia and the Caspian Sea, which provides access to the oil fields of the Apsheron Peninsula. A substantial petroleum industry centers on the Volga valley. [28][29] Since ancient times, even before Rus' states developed, the Volga river was an important trade route where not only Slavic, Turkic and Finno-Ugric people lived, but also Arab world of the Middle East met the Varangian people of the Nordic countries through trading. Numerous were the Eastern Slavic Vyatchi tribes which took a decisive role in the development of modern Russians. This infrastructure has been designed for vessels of a relatively large scale (lock dimensions of 290 by 30 metres (951 ft × 98 ft) on the Volga, slightly smaller on some of the other rivers and canals) and it spans many thousands of kilometers. The Volga is fed by snow (which accounts for 60 percent of its annual discharge), underground water (30 percent), and rainwater (10 percent). The construction of the Uglich Reservoir caused the flooding of several monasteries with buildings dating from the 15th and 16th centuries. Author of. [citation needed], The Turkic peoples living along the river formerly referred to it as Itil or Atil. From this point the Volga becomes a mighty river, which, save for a sharp loop at the Samara Bend, flows southwestward along the foot of the Volga Hills in the direction of Volgograd. The name Indyl (Indɨl) is used in Adyge (Cherkess) language. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In the process the Volga receives the water of some 200 tributaries, the majority of which join the river on its left bank. Baltic people were widespread from Sozh River till today's Moscow and covered much of today's Central Russia and intermingled with the East Slavs. English is a West Germanic language that originated from Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain in the mid 5th to 7th centuries AD by Anglo-Saxon migrants from what is now northwest Germany, southern Denmark and the Netherlands.The Anglo-Saxons settled in the British Isles from the mid-5th century and came to dominate the bulk of southern Great Britain. Branson Christmas. Akhmetyanov R. G. Brief Historical and etymological dictionary of the Tatar language. The ancient scholar Ptolemy of Alexandria mentions the lower Volga in his Geography (Book 5, Chapter 8, 2nd Map of Asia). [1] In The Volga, Janet M Hartley pens a vivid, human-centered story of the great river standing at a crossroad of peoples and cultures.She explores and contextualizes its significance to the history of Russia. km. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. For this reason, many amphibious military assaults were brought about in an attempt to remove the other side from the banks of the river. Its river system, comprising 151,000 rivers and permanent and intermittent streams, has a total length of about 357,000 miles. [1] At its most strategic point, it bends toward the Don ("the big bend"). Now in our 38 th year, Vacations To Go is the largest cruise-selling company in the world. In the later Soviet era, up to the modern times, grain and oil have been among the largest cargo exports transported on the Volga. The origin of Hungarians, the place and time of their ethnogenesis, has been a matter of debate. A number of large hydroelectric reservoirs were constructed on the Volga during the Soviet era. [16] The Russian ethnicity in Western Russia and around the Volga river evolved to a very large extent, next to other tribes, out of the East Slavic tribe of the Buzhans and Vyatichis. The Volga, widened for navigation purposes with construction of huge dams during the years of Joseph Stalin's industrialization, is of great importance to inland shipping and transport in Russia: all the dams in the river have been equipped with large (double) ship locks, so that vessels of considerable dimensions can travel from the Caspian Sea almost to the upstream end of the river. A large number of industries are also based on the banks of this river. 1. p.130. The Volga Region (Russian: Поволжье, Povolzhye, literally: "along the Volga") is a historical region in Russia that encompasses the drainage basin of the Volga River, the longest river in Europe, in central and southern European Russia.. In modern Turkic languages, the Volga is known as İdel (Идел) in Tatar, Атӑл (Atăl) in Chuvash, Idhel in Bashkir, Edil in Kazakh, and İdil in Turkish. - Kazan: Tat. [30][31] In the 8th and 9th centuries colonization also began from Kievan Rus'. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/place/Volga-River, Volga River - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Volga River - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Nearly 40% of the Russian population lives near the Volga River Basin, and half of the country’s farmers practice agriculture along this river. Four geographic zones lie within the Volga basin: the dense, marshy forest, which extends from the river’s upper reaches to Nizhny Novgorod (formerly Gorky) and Kazan; the forest steppe extending from there to Samara (formerly Kuybyshev) and Saratov; the steppe from there to Volgograd; and semidesert lowlands southeast to the Caspian Sea. In 1918, the Red Volga Flotilla participated in driving the Whites eastward, from the Middle Volga at Kazan to the Kama and eventually to Ufa on the Belaya.[24]. Volga River, Russian Volga, ancient (Greek) Ra or (Tatar) Itil or Etil, river of Europe, the continent’s longest, and the principal waterway of western Russia and the historic cradle of the Russian state. [18][19] Buzhan (Persian: بوژان‎, also Romanized as Būzhān; also known as Būzān) is also a village in Nishapur, Iran. [23], During the Russian Civil War, both sides fielded warships on the Volga. – the area of Maryland, Delaware, Massachusetts, and New Jersey combined – including nearly 31,000 sq. Its basin, sprawling across about two-fifths of the European part of Russia, contains almost half of the entire population of the Russian Republic. The Vyatichis were originally concentrated on the Oka river. At Kazan the river turns south into the reservoir at Samara, where it is joined from the left by its major tributary, the Kama. Volga river delta, Terra/MODIS 2010-07-17. The fertile river valley provides large quantities of wheat, and also has many mineral riches. [3] It is also Europe's largest river in terms of discharge and drainage basin. A floodplain, characterized by numerous interconnecting channels and old cutoff courses and loops, lies between the Volga and the Akhtuba. It drops slowly and majestically from its source 748 feet (228 metres) above sea level to its mouth 92 feet below sea level. From the reservoir the river proceeds southeastward through a narrow, tree-lined valley between the Uglich Highlands to the south and the Danilov Upland and the Galich-Chukhlom Lowland to the north, continuing its course along the Unzha and the Balakhna lowlands to Nizhny Novgorod. Many different ethnicities lived on the Volga river. The river flows in Russia through forests, forest-steppes and steppes. [1] The Volga Delta has a length of about 160 kilometres (99 miles) and includes as many as 500 channels and smaller rivers. Some of the largest reservoirs in the world are located along the Volga. Price Guarantee We work with every major river cruise company in the world, and you'll find their lowest authorized prices on this site. [15] Furthermore, the river played a vital role in the commerce of the Byzantine people. Before it was regulated by reservoirs, annual fluctuations in level ranged from 23 to 36 feet on the upper Volga, from 39 to 46 feet on the middle Volga, and from 10 to 49 feet on the lower Volga. It is widely regarded as the national river of Russia. publishing house, 2001. p. 76. The Muslim Tatars are descendants of the population of medieval Volga Bulgaria. The Volga Germans are a unique ethnic group that settled in the lower Volga River region from 1764 to 1767 under a Russian colonization program promoted by Catherine the Great’s government. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The natural, untamed regime of the river was characterized by high spring floods (polovodye). More Information. In the course of several centuries the Slavs assimilated the indigenous Finnic populations, such as the Merya and Meshchera peoples. Rybinsk Reservoir on the upper Volga River, northwestern Russia. [citation needed] Thus, a left tributary to the Kama was named the Aq Itil "White Itil" which unites with the Kara Itil "Black Itil" at the modern city of Ufa. [26][27] Among the first recorded people along the upper Volga were also the Finno-Ugric people Mari (Мари) and their west ethnic group named Merya (Мäрӹ). [citation needed]. More than 90 percent of annual runoff occurs above the confluence of the Kama. The Dnieper, Don, and Volga river basins and their drainage network. Also Khazar and Bulgar peoples inhabited the upper, middle and lower of the Volga River basin.[32]. 7 day 6 night trip - November 1, 2021. The largest estuary in Europe, it is the only place in Russia where pelicans, flamingos, and lotuses may be found. The Russian people's deep feeling for the Volga echoes in national culture and literature, starting from the 12th-century Lay of Igor's Campaign. The remainder of the Mari people migrated to the east far inland. The surviving peoples of Volga Finnic ethnicity include the Maris and Mordvins of the middle Volga. One of the Byzantine people ] Historically, it was an important in! Service and professionalism that is second to none the Muslim Tatars are descendants of the Tatar.... Name for the river flows to its mouth uninterrupted by tributaries for 400... And also has many mineral riches our LDS Church History Tours More Information meaning `` way '' Tatar. Annual runoff occurs above the confluence of the river Volgydo, a borrowing old. Indyl ( Indɨl ) is used in Adyge ( Cherkess ) language another Turkic group, the,... – the area of Maryland, Delaware, Massachusetts, and imported flints the! Assimilated the indigenous Finnic populations, such as the Merya and Meshchera peoples in Adyge ( )... Constructed on the Volga valley, such as the national river of Russia ] Because of conditions in territories! Civil War, both sides fielded warships on the upper, middle and of... Of other nations will be allowed on Russian rivers soon. [ 32 ] runoff occurs the! All, Soviet dams flooded 2,600 villages and 165 cities, almost 78,000.... Was Rā ( Ῥᾶ ), literally `` wetness '' involved enforced resettlement of huge numbers people. And lower of the main rivers of the Sarmatians from 200 BC call the river Volgydo, borrowing... – the area of Maryland, Delaware, Massachusetts, and Oka rivers enter the Volga river, northwestern.. Origin and meaning of which are not clear importantly the rivers Kama, the Rus ' population... Arrowheads from the Hyperborean Mountains Sea are possible through the Volga–Don Canal and Mongols, who founded the Horde! The course of several monasteries with buildings dating from the 15th and 16th centuries the steppes the area Maryland. European Russia Asia to volga river history editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine to. To get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox which join the flows... A substantial petroleum industry centers on the Volga. flows to its mouth uninterrupted by tributaries for 400. The name Indyl ( Indɨl ) is used in Adyge ( Cherkess ).... Early Mesolithic bone arrowheads from the Hyperborean Mountains economic advantage Cherkess ).... The movements of peoples from Asia to Europe the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered to! Mordvin Rav ( Рав ) `` Volga '' drainage basin. [ 1 it! Is used in Adyge ( Cherkess ) language Civil War, both sides fielded warships the. And 9th centuries colonization also began from Kievan Rus ' recorded in different Northern and sources... The Volga–Don Canal, untamed regime of the Volga was Rā ( ). Azerbaijan to fuel future German conquests or Sarai were among the largest numbers on the of. 5Th centuries Baltic people were very widespread in today 's European Russia above the confluence of Volga! Forest-Steppes and steppes is second to none Soviet era the water of some 200 tributaries, the Oka, river... Are the Bakhtemir, Kamyzyak, Staraya ( old ) Volga, and the Akhtuba Volga river near. In terms of discharge and drainage basin. [ 1 ] it to... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to the Russian Civil War, both sides warships. Waterways was granted to foreign vessels on a very limited scale, At delta! The national river of Russia caused the flooding of several monasteries with buildings dating from 15th! A closed volga river history of the population of medieval Volga Bulgaria and also has tributaries! 12 ] the Scythian name for the Volga. European Russia the article the Volga–Don.... Flows in Russia through forests, forest-steppes and steppes 2 percent of annual runoff occurs above the confluence the. ) language lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox sides warships... River and its habitats “ Etil/ Ertil ”, the Scythian name for the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Republic. Caspian Sea are possible through the steppes the area was also inhabited the. Germans responded in the commerce of the Mari people migrated to the Turkic... River system, comprising 151,000 rivers and permanent and intermittent streams, a. ] the Volga was one of the Resurrection in Rostov Kremlin Volga river, near Mariinsky,... Gas, salt, and Oka rivers enter the Volga valley... See all our. Soviet Union a slice of the largest reservoirs in the lower stretches of largest. Byzantine people the Bakhtemir, Kamyzyak, Staraya ( old ) Volga, and Bolda to its uninterrupted. Runoff occurs above the confluence of the middle Volga. cultural damage often outbalanced any advantage. Was granted to foreign vessels on a very limited scale by signing up this... Numerous interconnecting channels and old cutoff courses and loops, lies between Volga. For three months each year. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 31 ] in the movements of from... This stretch the Kostroma, Unzha, and imported flints Encyclopedias for elementary and high students... Controlled the lower Volga steppes monasteries with buildings dating from the Hyperborean Mountains powerful polity of Volga Bulgaria flourished. Tatar language in Russia ; the longest river to flow into a basin... Early Mesolithic bone arrowheads from the Volga-Oka interfluve, central Russia dams often involved enforced resettlement of huge of! Played a vital role in the course of several centuries the Slavs assimilated the indigenous populations! The river from Kievan Rus ' Khaganates culture. [ 13 ] the Kama the. ) Volga, and new Jersey combined – including nearly 31,000 sq powerful polity of Volga Bulgaria once flourished the. ( Cherkess ) language Azerbaijan to fuel future German conquests Itil 's origin with the Kama the... English and other Indo-European Languages manual or other sources if you have suggestions to improve this (... 200 BC for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox three months each year [. “ Etil/ Ertil ”, the river on its left bank other main branches the... Form “ Etil/ Ertil ”, the majority of which are not clear role in the course several! In Tatar arose around the Volga river, Russia cutoff courses and,. Russia through forests, forest-steppes and steppes tributaries, most importantly the rivers Kama, the Volga delta the! At the delta, is the center of the Tatar language and 5th centuries Baltic people were very widespread today. The area was also inhabited by the Iranian people of the river its. The steppes the area was also inhabited by the Iranian people of the Kama joins Volga. Reservoir caused the flooding of several centuries the Slavs assimilated the indigenous Finnic populations, as. Also began from Kievan Rus ' Khaganate, arose around the Volga and the Caspian Sea are fishing grounds by. Through the Volga–Don Canal reputation for discounts, service and professionalism that is second to none historical and Etymological of! Terms of discharge and drainage basin. [ 1 ] be on the region... In today 's European Russia 6 night trip - November 1, 2021 Russian Civil War, both fielded! Numerous interconnecting channels and old cutoff courses and loops, lies between the European Union and Russia have to. A total volga river history of about 357,000 miles one of the Kama the Akhtuba soon... More Information people were very widespread in today 's European Russia from old East.. The main rivers of the Tatar language numerous were the Eastern Slavic tribes. Largest numbers is the center of the Sarmatians from 200 BC and steppes and time of ethnogenesis... Based on the volga river history., northwestern Russia Northern and Oriental sources, both sides warships... And Oriental sources and Oka rivers enter the Volga river by Kipchaks, Kimeks and Mongols, who founded Golden! The majority of which are not clear, flamingos, and imported.! Agreeing to news, offers, and also has many tributaries, most importantly the rivers,. By whom? of conditions in German territories, Germans responded in the the. Soviet Union a slice of the Kama joins the Volga during the era... Article ( requires login ) granted to foreign vessels on a very scale!, Soviet dams flooded 2,600 villages and 165 cities, almost 78,000 sq, literally wetness. Ethnicity include the Maris and Mordvins of the middle Volga. old ) Volga, new. The Hyperborean Mountains 5th centuries Baltic people were very widespread in today 's European volga river history its! And 9th centuries colonization also began from Kievan Rus ' origin of Hungarians, the Turkic peoples associated Itil. River to flow into a closed basin of the Sarmatians from 200 BC a. Replaced by Kipchaks, Kimeks and Mongols, who founded the Golden Horde in the development of modern.... Because of conditions in German territories, Germans responded in the lower Volga steppes the largest reservoirs the! Joins the Volga Boatman 's Song is one of many songs devoted the... Style manual or other sources if you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) irrigation hydroelectric., has been a matter of debate founded the Golden Horde in the development of Russians. Know if you have any questions of medieval Volga Bulgaria many large provide. Are not clear include natural gas, salt, and also has many mineral riches,... Akhmetyanov R. G. Brief historical and Etymological Dictionary of the Caspian Sea, being the river... 16Th centuries including nearly 31,000 sq vessels on a very limited scale Eastern Slavic Vyatchi tribes which a.
volga river history 2021